Theme and Audience of Gossip Girl Essay Example For Students

Theme and Audience of Gossip Girl Essay This essay will attempt to explain why its audience including the author of this essay enjoy the programme Gossip Girl. The theme of the programme and the main characters will be discussed. The following paragraphs will discuss the social divide regarding the characters, those from the Upper East Side and those from Brooklyn. An attempt will be made to determine when discussing the characters and their background, whether it is the case that the audience are identifying with the characters and therefore the reason for Gossip Girls popularity. Within the program Gossip Girl there are 16 characters, the main one being Gossip Girl themselves. The characters all have very different roles and backgrounds. Within the next few paragraphs, they will be discussed and talked about how they portrayed within the programme. In the first episode, the audience are introduced to two of the main characters, Serena Van Der Woodsen and Blair Waldorf. Both these characters are from the Upper East Side, they are the socialites of their school and every girl at their school looks up to them. We will write a custom essay on Theme and Audience of Gossip Girl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Except when we get deeper into the series it turns out, they are bad role models, with the likes of Serena who was known for her use of recreational drugs, her obsessive drinking and girl next door partying lifestyle. Then we come to Blair Waldorf, Serenas best friend. At the beginning, Serena and Blairs friendship was nonexistent, once again because of Serenas partying ways. Like any friendship, Serena and Blair had their fall outs, which brought the worst out in Blair. Blair Waldorf was not the sweetheart, who would not hurt anybody, like everyone thought. She was in fact the only person who could hurt Serena more than anyone by posting her secrets to gossip girl. Gossip Girl was a phenomenon within the real life Upper East Side and surrounding communities such as Brooklyn. No matter where you stood on the social ladder, her posts would obsess you. In the series, Gossip Girl was always voiced as a female, she would make sure everyone knew she had eyes everywhere, ready to email her with tip offs about the next big scandal so she could post it to the website. As far as everyone was concerned, Gossip Girl was not your friend, she was there cause drama, and she definitely did. She would make all the characters doubt themselves. Only in the final episode do we find out that in fact, everything Gossip Girl did and posted was for the good and that Gossip Girl was one of the main characters from the TV show. Dan Humphrey was introduced into the show when he started dating Serena Van Der Woodsen. Serena and Dan made a very controversial couple because of their very different lives. Serena was from the Upper East Side, she had money and she got what she wanted just because her name, however Dan Humphrey was from Brooklyn, he did not have money and had to work for everything he wanted. Some of the characters did not agree with Serena and Dan being together because of their different lives and social standing. Blair Waldorf and Chuck Bass were two of the characters who were vocal about it out of the ordinary. Blair and Chuck gave Dan Humphrey the nickname of Lonely Boy, this is because he was not from their world although they went to the same private school and paid the same fees, Dan was different. He came from Brooklyn; he lived with his sister and dad in a loft apartment whereas Chuck lived a lavish life living in his fathers hotel and off his fathers money. Chucks and the other characters from the Upper East Side lives revolved around sex, drugs, money and high fashion. These two worlds came colliding together when Dan finally got acceptance from the Upper East Side group of friends. The audience of Gossip Girl was a worldwide trend, no matter where you went people were captivated. The show had a target demographic of women between eighteen and thirty-four years old and they definitely exceeded that. .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac , .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .postImageUrl , .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac , .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac:hover , .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac:visited , .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac:active { border:0!important; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac:active , .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98574ff5a73eb83602e4b0ba4aecd0ac:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Robocop - A Postmodern Film Study EssayThey had women of all ages watching their show, women from France, America, and London, all over the world Gossip Girl was being watched. It got to the point Gossip Girl was so popular that an audience grew in China and began watching it but illegally. Not only did the individuality of each character resonate with the audience but also the suspense of not knowing whom Gossip Girl was as well as not knowing when it would be revealed left the audience wanting more. Within the show, they talked about drinking, drug use and sex. The characters were portraying what teenagers really do this helped many viewers identify with the storylines. Towards the end of Gossip Girl, everyone had his or her theories on who it was. For a little while it was known that Serena Van Der Woodsen had gotten hold of the website, many viewers believed it was still her, some thought Blair. Nobody was expecting the twist of it not only being a male character but it being Lonely Boy, Dan Humphrey. The one character that Gossip Girl targeted most, as well as Serena. This was Dans way into the Upper East Side other than his on, off relationship with Serena. In summation, one of the reasons this programme was so popular could be that ordinary people identified with the characters and the social problem the characters were going through. An additional contributory factor in popularity is the advertising for the programme. Wherever you went, there would be a posters, billboards and social media going crazy for the next episode. Even if people were not watching it, the advertisement and marketing was so prominent that they started too just to find out whom Gossip Girl was.

The Loneliness essays

The Loneliness essays In Kate Chopins novel The Awakening, she tells the story of a confused woman trying to find her place in the world. This woman, Edna, would fit perfectly into 21st century America, but on the eve of the 20th century she was a fish out of water. She did not want to be thought of as her husbands property, or just someones mother, she wanted to be an individual and make her own decisions. Going against the norm of the time caused Edna to isolate herself and alienate her family. She would have never started this journey if she had known that it would have led to her isolation. Because of her devotion to this voyage, Edna ultimately drowned in an ocean of intense loneliness, which caused her to neglect her responsibilities and in the end led to her demise. Ednas problems started when she was young. Without a mother and with an absence of love from her father, she didnt get the love she needed, and in turn did not have a foundation by which to judge love. The absence of this foundation always left her feeling as if something was missing from every relationship. As a young girl, she fell in love with a cavalry officer who was visiting the family farm. In her inexperience, she did not understand that a grown man would not fall in love with a child, therefore he became her first crush. She continued to fall for men she could not have; a man engaged to her neighbor, a tragedian. These were men she could easily love without the worry of them breaking her heart. She never learned what true love was, an unconditional love that not only takes, but also willingly gives in return. Not finding this love from her father, she settled for the next best thing, security. In trying to upset her father and gain necessary refuge, she hastily married Leonce Pontellier. He fell in love with her and she tolerated being around him. Edna liked that Leonce had money and was willing to spend it on ...

Singer and Regan's Approaches to Animal Liberation Assignment

Singer and Regan's Approaches to Animal Liberation - Assignment Example Singer makes use of the rights language as shorthand for how we might want to treat other people in his arguments. Instead, singer argues that, when we put the consequences of an act into consideration when judging acts, it will be in order to put the interest of animals, primarily their interested to prevent any suffering, to have the same consideration to the same interest put on humans. That is to say, where one individual suffering either human or non-human is considered equal to that of any other, there is no reason that can justify one to put more weight to one of them. On the other hand, Regan’s approaches concerning animal rights are not driven by the ultimate consequences of the actions. Regan firmly holds the belief that animals are what he is referring as the â€Å"subjects of a life†, for that reason who has the moral rights, and for that reason, their moral rights should not be ignored as such. He argues that animals do have one moral right and even a legal one, and they should not be as anyone’s property. Singers approach of utilitarian means that he is judging the "rightest" of any act by the consequences it attracts. Specifically by the extent that the act tries to bring satisfaction to the things that are affected, maximizing on the pleasures developed and pain minimization. Other forms of utilitarianism do exist such as rule utilitarianism. This rule tries to judge the rightness of any action basing on the usual consequences of whichever the moral rule the act has been practiced. According to Singer’s grounds, he clearly states that there exists no moral ground when an individual fails to give equal consideration of rights that hang to the interests of both non-humans and humans.  

A study of Marketing Strategies of Burberry for the Chinese Luxury Essay

A study of Marketing Strategies of Burberry for the Chinese Luxury Market - Essay Example I also declare that the intellectual content of this dissertation is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged (where applicable). I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my dissertation does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright or violate any propriety rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my dissertation, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. Furthermore, t the extent that I have included copyrighted material that surpasses the bounds of fair dealing within the meaning of the UK Copyright Act, I certify that I have obtained a written permission from the copyright owner(s) to include such material(s) in my dissertation and have included copies of such copyright clearances to my appendix. I declare that this is a t rue copy of my dissertation, including any final revisions, and that this dissertation has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other university or institution. AUTHOR’S NAME AUTHOR’S SIGNATURE .......................................... DATE ................... Table of Content 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦7 1.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.2 Economic scenarios and its effect on the luxury brands†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.3 Shopper behaviour in recession†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 1.4 Objectives of the research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...8 1.5 Research Question†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 1.6 Relevance of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 1.7 Value of the research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦....9 1.8 Purpose of the research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 1.9 Outcomes of the research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 1.10 Personal motivation for the research†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 1.11 Research Questions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 2. Literature Review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 2.1 Luxury brands in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 2.2 Luxury goods: A definition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..............12 2.3 Marketing strategies for luxury goods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15 2.4 Brand awareness and Dream Values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..17 2.5 Consumer Behaviour†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 2.6 Shiffman’s & Kanuk’s Theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...18 2.6.1 Passive View†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...18 2.6.2 Cognitive View†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 2.6.3 Emotional View†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.18 2.6.4 Economical View†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

Whether China's banking system should integration with the world Essay

Whether China's banking system should integration with the world - Essay Example The capital markets of china are also not accessed much by international investors for gaining profits. The lack integration of the Chinese economy with the world needs to be understood from the view point of the commercial and domestic interests of the nation individually. The priority of the Chinese economy in the past years has not been to be a part of the global economy, instead the focus has remained upon achieving growth and stability, while radically restructuring the overall economy and its sectors. The nation has directed its economic efforts towards developing adequate job opportunities and to be able to absorb layoffs. China’s labour market is quite large in size. The target of the economy has always been to provide adequate level of employment opportunities and maintain the stability of the economy. China has been successful in meeting these challenges adequately. The nation has been able to achieve economic growth of 10% annually. Market forces have been made free and to be able to promote efficiency. Privatization also had facilitated in the rapid restructuring of the economy. Integrating the Chinese economy with the world economy has therefore not been a high priority as China was able to maintain its stability. However, the maturity of the Chinese economy has however made it essential for it to participate in the global economy and sustain its growth. Moreover the Chinese economy possess as an important economic opportunity (Turner, Tan and Sadeghian, 2012). China plays a vital role in the global financial regulatory framework. The nation is a member of the G-20 Financial Services Board and the Basel committee. The Chinese banks and financial institutions have decided to implement the Basel III standards in respect of international bank capital standards from the year 2013 onwards (Lieberthal and Lieberthal, 2003). The implementation has already begun depicting efficient management of financial resources. The

Experiment of Calcium Carbonate Composition of Eggshells

Experiment of Calcium Carbonate Composition of Eggshells INTRODUCTION Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is found in nature giving hardness and strength to things such as seashells, rocks, and eggshells. As hard as this substance is, it will react readily with hydrochloric acid to yield carbon dioxide gas (and two other products). In this experiment students will design an experiment by reacting eggshells with 2 M HCl to compare the calcium carbonate composition of white (chicken) eggshells to brown eggshells. A good quality eggshell will contain, on average, 2.2 grams of calcium in the form of calcium carbonate. Approximately 94% of a dry eggshell is calcium carbonate and has a typical mass of 5.5 grams,1 although these values can differ depending on sources. Amounts as low as 78% have been published. The remaining mass is composed largely of phosphorus and magnesium, and trace amounts of sodium, potassium, zinc, manganese, iron, and copper. In the case of brown versus white eggs, a definitive difference in calcium carbonate amounts may be hard to uncover. However, consider this. The color of the eggs is nothing more than a result of a different breed. The quality, nutritional value, and taste are identical between white and brown eggs, though two notable differences are size and price. Brown eggs are usually larger and slightly more expensive. The reason for the price increase is because brown eggs come from larger hens, which need to be fed more food daily. With a larger intake of calci um each day, one might expect the produced egg to have a higher calcium carbonate content. However, since the eggs are larger, it must be kept in mind that the calcium is spread over a larger surface area during egg formation. A brown eggshells increased tendency to break, when compared to white, is often attributed to this â€Å"thinning out† of calcium during deposition. To avoid the breakage of eggs before reaching market, the eggshells needs to be as strong as possible. The strength of eggshells is mainly determined by the percentage of calcium carbonate in it. In order to monitor the quality of eggshells, the following experiment has to be done to determine the percentage of calcium carbonate in eggshells. In this experiment, back titration is used. First, excess acid is reacted with the calcium carbonate in eggshells. 2HCl(aq)+CaCO3(s)→CaCl2(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) Later, if we can find out the number of mole of unreacted acid, number of mole of calcium carbonate can then be found out. The number of mole of unreacted acid can be found by titration with the following reaction. HCl(aq)+NaOH(aq)→H2O(l)+NaCl(aq) Percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshell can then be calculated by the following formula: 4.2AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this experiment is to determine the percentage by mass of calcium carbonate in eggshells. design an experiment that quantifies the amount of calcium carbonate present in a natural substance. relate the amount of a reactant or product of a chemical reaction to another reactant or product. work collaboratively with their peers to solve a given problem in the laboratory in a way that models the scientific method. apply a common acid reaction between hydrochloric acid and the carbonate ion. Chapter 2 THEORY METHOLOGY PRINCIPLE OF THE EXPERIMENT During this experiment, the percentage of CaCO3 in an eggshell is determined by reacting the eggshell with hydrochloric acid. The equation for this reaction is: 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s)→Ca2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2Cl- (aq) This reaction cannot be used directly titrate with the CaCO3. Instead, an excess of hydrochloric acid is added to dissolve the eggshell, and the remaining acid is titrated with NaOH solution to determine the amount of acid that did not react with the eggshell. The equation used to determine the amount of leftover acid is: HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → H2O (l) + Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) APPARATUS AND EQUIPMENTS Beaker Pipette Filler Electronicbalance Volumetric flask BuretteWash bottle Mortar and pestle Conical flasks White tile Filter funnel Filtter paper 25.00 cm 3 pipette CHEMICALS USED 2 M HCl Phenolphthalein 2 M NaOH PROCEDURE White and Red colour eggshells have taken and the protein membrane was removed on the inside of the eggshells. The eggshell was washed with distilled water Dried in an oven for few minutes. The eggshell was then grounded into fine powder by mortar and pestle. 2g of eggshell powder is weighted accurately by using an electronic balance and it was transferred to a conical flask. 25.00 cm3 of HCl was pipetted to dissolve the eggshell powder. Distilled water was added to the flask until it reached about 100cm3. The flask was swirled gently. Put the solution into cubed for two days. Faltered the solution using filter papers. Pippet out 25.00 cm3 from each solutions to titration flasks. The solution was then titrated with standardized NaOH. Repeat another two samples from each solution. Collect the correct burette readings at the end point. Chapter 3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS THE COLOR CHANGE OF THE SOLUTION White egg Brown egg Colourless pink Colourless pink THE TITRATION RESULT OF BROWN EGG 1 2 3 Volume of eggshells solution/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00 Volume of NaOH used/cm3 20.10 19.90 20.10 Average volume of NaOH used: (20.10+19.90+20.10) = 20.03cm33 THE TITRATION RESULT OF WHITE EGG 1 2 3 Volume of eggshells solution/cm3 25.00 25.00 25.00 Volume of NaOH used/cm3 20.40 20.35 20.00 *Average volume of NaOH used: (20.40+20.35+20.00) =20.25cm33 Chapter 4 CALCULATIONS CALCULATIONS 2HCl (aq) + CaCO3(s)→Ca2+ (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + 2Cl- (aq) HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) → H2O (l) + Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) FOR BROWN EGG Number of moles of NaOH used to react with HCl =20.03cm3 /1000) X2M = 40.06X 10-3 mol Since number of moles of NaOH = number of moles of HCl in 25cm3 =40.06 X 10-3 mol HCl mols in 100cm3 = 40.06 X 10-3 X 4 mol The initial no of moles of HCl: volume X molarity = 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 mol Number of moles of HCl used to react with CaCO3 = ( 200X10-3 160.24X 10-3) mol = 39.76X10-3 mol According to the equation, one mole of HCI required to react with 2 moles of CaCO3, Number of moles of CaCO3 reacted =39.76X10- 3 /2 = 19.88X10-3 mol The weight of CaCO3 = 19.88X10-3g X100g The % of CaCO3 in eggshell (brown) = (1.988/2) X100% =99.4% FOR WHITE EGG Number of moles of NaOH used to react with HCl: (20.25cm3/1000)X2 = 40.50X10-3mol Since number of moles of NaOH=number of moles of HCl in 25cm3 = 4.50X10-3mol HCl Volume in 100cm3 = 40.50 X10-3 X4 mol The initial moles of HCl: volume X molarity = 100/1000 X2M = 200X10-3 mol Number of moles of HCl used to react with CaCO3 : ( 200X10-3 162X10-3) mol = 38X10-3 mol Number of moles of CaCO3 reacted =38X10-3/2 = 19X10-3 mol The weight of CaCO3 = 19X10-3g X100 The % of CaCO3 in eggshell (white) = (1.9/2) X100% =95.0% Chapter 5 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUTION CONCLUSION Percentage of CaCO3 in red eggshells= 99.4% Percentage of CaCO3 in white eggshells= 95.0% Therefore red eggshells has the higher percentage of CaCO3. DISCUSSION Source of errors The eggshell powder did not dissolve completely Variation in visual judgment at the end point Instrumental errors of the electronic balance The eggshell was not fully dried Some droplets of solution may still adhere on the beaker and the glass rod which lead to the reduction in number of moles of excess HCl In this Experiment we can also do the EDTA titration. REFERENCES http://www.google.lk/search?hl=ensource=hpq=caco3+percentage+in+eggshellbtnG=Google+Searchmeta=aq=foq= http://wwwchem.csustan.edu/chem1102/Egg.htm http://www.oppapers.com/essays/Determine-Percentage-Mass-Calcium-Carbonate-Eggshells/165593 http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/poultry/multistate/koelkebeck1.htm

gender moments Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"He throws like a girl!† This insult is heard all too often and is harsh to boys because of the perception of girls being weak. We are constantly bombarded with moments emphasizing gender in everyday situations. After training myself to see these differences my eyes have been opened to something I have previously believed â€Å"natural† and allowed a new perspective to push through. I see attitudes and behavior now as socially constructed and not usually inherent. In R. W. Connel’s book Gender, he defines gender as â€Å"the structure of social relationship that centers on the reproductive arena, and the set of practices that bring reproductive distinctions between bodies into social processes† (pg 10). I have found that gender is an institution, a pattern that has attained a social state. Gender is unique in that it is meshed with many other institutions, thus changing gender, it would mean changing much of society. I chose to focus my paper on the different institutions gender is a part of, in education throughout development, relationships, religion, and politics. Although I have only touched the surface, I believe that gender is an institution; an order or pattern that has attained a social state or property. Education is a potent institution used to reinforce gender differences. In our reading we found that children are much more likely to separate themselves at school in gender categories than in their neighborhoods. As Barrie Thorne points out in her book Gender Play, â€Å"Apart from age, of all the social categories of the students, gender was the most formally, and informally, highlighted in the course of each school day† (pg 34). I feel that many experiences in elementary school have reinforced my gender outlook. I spent much of my time in elementary school racing the boys and biting my nails to show I wasn’t scared to â€Å"break a nail† and never wearing a dress. Recess was a fight for me half the time. I didn’t like the connotation of being called a â€Å"girl.† Now I realize that I was trying to oppose the gender role I was expected to perform, yet eventually I grew out of that â€Å"phase† of fighting against the norm and joined the ra nks of the girls. I moved from the field, to the bars and jump rope. I see now that the change I went through was just giving in to the reinforcement around me to be feminine. Instead of fighting against the grain, I chose the easy road by... ...ibed in the article, Gender and New Institutionalism Cornwall and King define institutions as possessing â€Å"1. Classification 2. Institutionalized logics and 3. Diffusion, legitimization, and taken for grantedness.† After reading this, I found all the characteristics in my gender moments. Although individuals act on a personal basis, their acts collectively fit societies pre-determined standard and mold. I see much of individuality as either conforming to decisions already made or trying to push against the mold. Men and women are different, but not as different as society would like to assume. Gender is intertwined in many of society’s institutions-education, religion, relationships, and politics- and because it is tangled up in all, it is very hard to change gender as an institution. It is very likely to be reinforced beginning in childhood; from children, adults, and peers. Because of the reinforcement, it is reproduced from parents to children and conforming is the easiest way to go through society. Change happens very slowly and although there is change from my grandmother’s experience to my own, I see the change as not very fluid- instead of water it’s more like heavy mud.

Analysis of the salient features of Beck’s cognitive theory Essay

Beck’s cognitive theory assumes that most psychological problems arise from faulty thinking processes. The theory is centred on three factors that form what can be illustrated as a triad. Beck (1976) noted that the three factors that affect the human mind’s capabilities are thoughts, antecedent events and behavior (Figure 1). Figure 1: The foundation of Beck’s (1976) concept of the cognitive theory Source: Created from the description by Bandura (1976) A point worth noting is that these factors cannot act on their own as they do so in synergy with other factors. For instance, behavior is affected by the environment; thoughts are affected by the self (individual); and antecedent events are influenced by the current events. Beck’s cognitive theory perceives antecedent events, thoughts and behavior to be dynamic. In addition, according to (1998), each of the three constituents of the triad is capable of affecting others. However, Beck (1976) notes that in evaluating the triad, cognition or thoughts require more emphasis. This is because it is through thoughts that human beings are able to change their beliefs, attitudes, interpretation and perceptions in different instances. Moreover, thoughts or cognitive factors serve as a platform for filtering or appraising events. In line with this, if the human mind is biased towards one event at the expense of another, the thinking process would elicit some form of emotional and behavioral responses that would imply some problems in life. Therefore, according to this theory, the way human beings think could actually change the way they feel and behave. The cognitive theory serves as a way of understanding and treating depression due to the approach it takes in addressing the various faculties of the mind. In addition, since it highlights issues related to mental capabilities, it is appropriate for addressing mental health issues and other instances of disorders that arise due to depression or factors such as substance use. In postulating the theory, Beck was of the opinion that depressed people often have low opinion of themselves. Precisely, Beck suggested that depressed people believe that the world, their future, and they themselves were the causes of their depression. In addition, Beck (1998) noted that people might be faced with psychological difficulties due to occurrence of automatic thoughts, negative self-assessments and dysfunctional assumptions. Moreover, Beck connoted that automatic thoughts usually pave the way for emotions but occur considerably fast with the affected individual’s little awareness. As a result, such individuals do not view themselves with high esteem. As an example, people affected by stress may address themselves in considerably high critical tones; they also blame themselves for every mishap that befalls them. Beck’s theory and depression Beck (1987) noted that depressed people, apart from having a low opinion of themselves, also develop schemas in their minds such as â€Å"if many people hate me then I am worthless. † Nevertheless, such beliefs are usually primitive, overstated and rigid. It is worthy noting that the self schemas developed in the minds pf distressed people are usually stable but latent and only discernible when they are stimulated by social stressors (for instance when a person provokes the distressed individual) (Beck, 1987). Once the distressed person is provoked, the depressive diagram in the mind of the individual becomes activated by the stress of the event (provocation) and results into a two-fold consequence (Beck, 1976). The first effect is that the content of the distressed person becomes negative. This is characterized by a cognitive triad and the person develops negative beliefs about himself or herself, the world and the future (i. e. every aspect of the cognitive triad becomes negative). In the second phase, there is a systematic bias in the mind that characterized by distortion of information processing capability and being prone to committing errors. Although not all forms of depression are caused by stimulation of the self-schemas, Beck viewed the negative cognitive triad and negative processing of information as the intrinsic features of all depressions (Beck, 1987). The result of the negative schema is fear for all activities by the individual. This is in spite of the fact that some activities could be easily accomplished. For instance, a negative evaluation of self worth may be â€Å"I am unworthy, I just can’t do this†; and a negative evaluation of the world or daily events may be â€Å"Everything that happens to me is just enough evidence that my world is crumbling, this world does not need me. † On the other hand, a distressed person’s evaluation of the future may be â€Å"It seems that nothing will ever get better for me even in future. † From the above illustration, Beck’s Cognitive Model of Depression clearly shows how early experiences in life can lead to the development of dysfunctional beliefs, which in turn cause individuals to have negative self-views, which in turn result into depression (Beck, 1987).

Free Essays on Midsummers Night Dream

A Midsummer Night’s Dream William Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a classic love story about two young would-be couples, and an aspiring actor named Bottom who end up being caught in the middle of a lovers quarrel between Oberon, the king of the fairies and Titania, his Queen. They all find themselves tangled in a web of chaos, administered by Oberon and his sidekick Puck. The chaotic love story ensues, as Puck administers a secret love potion that causes the lovers to switch partners as if they have fallen in love at first sight. William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is purely magical because it transports you deep into the enchanted forests of Athens near the secret home of the fairies, where water nymphs, satyrs and fairies make a dream-like fantasy become reality. Just like how Michael Hoffman’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is based on a dream world, so are these little magical creatures named fairies. Fairies go by many different nicknames, but the name Fay’s is the early form of the word fairy. There are many different kinds of faeriekith nature spirits, which have been brought to life by the essence of Celtic-mythology. Fairies may not exist in reality but these magical nature spirits do exist in our childhood dreams. This dream world brings magic and fantasy into our lives in the form of imaginary small beings with magical powers. These magical little creatures not only live in Never-never land or enchanted forests but they also live in our imagination where fairies, water nymphs and satyrs sing and dance in our minds. We have all grown up watching little fairies sprinkle fairy dust on people in the movies, and watched them in amazement as they magically disappear into mid air without a trace. At a young age we only wished we could experience the fairies magical powers first hand, but as we get older we start to detach are selves from magic and fantasy, especially fairies. This is w... Free Essays on Midsummers Night Dream Free Essays on Midsummers Night Dream A Midsummer Night’s Dream William Shakespeare’s play A Midsummer Night’s Dream is a classic love story about two young would-be couples, and an aspiring actor named Bottom who end up being caught in the middle of a lovers quarrel between Oberon, the king of the fairies and Titania, his Queen. They all find themselves tangled in a web of chaos, administered by Oberon and his sidekick Puck. The chaotic love story ensues, as Puck administers a secret love potion that causes the lovers to switch partners as if they have fallen in love at first sight. William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is purely magical because it transports you deep into the enchanted forests of Athens near the secret home of the fairies, where water nymphs, satyrs and fairies make a dream-like fantasy become reality. Just like how Michael Hoffman’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is based on a dream world, so are these little magical creatures named fairies. Fairies go by many different nicknames, but the name Fay’s is the early form of the word fairy. There are many different kinds of faeriekith nature spirits, which have been brought to life by the essence of Celtic-mythology. Fairies may not exist in reality but these magical nature spirits do exist in our childhood dreams. This dream world brings magic and fantasy into our lives in the form of imaginary small beings with magical powers. These magical little creatures not only live in Never-never land or enchanted forests but they also live in our imagination where fairies, water nymphs and satyrs sing and dance in our minds. We have all grown up watching little fairies sprinkle fairy dust on people in the movies, and watched them in amazement as they magically disappear into mid air without a trace. At a young age we only wished we could experience the fairies magical powers first hand, but as we get older we start to detach are selves from magic and fantasy, especially fairies. This is w...

Music Appreciation Final Exam Essays

Music Appreciation Final Exam Essays Music Appreciation Final Exam Paper Music Appreciation Final Exam Paper Essay Topic: Poetry A melodic line that moves by small intervals is called consonant false A second melody played against the first is called a countermelody true In scientific terms, pitch is determined by its frequency true Melody is a concept that occurs only in Western music false The distance between two pitches is called an interval The high point of a melodic line is considered its cadence false The term referring to the overall shape of a melody is contour A succession of single tones or pitches perceived as a unit is called a melody The distance between the highest and lowest tones of a melody is called the range Twinkle Twinkle little star is an example of triple meter false Melodies that move principally by small, connected intervals are conjunct true Beats that are more strongly emphasized than others are said to be accented In triple meter, the strongest pulse occurs on the first beat Meter is marked off in groupings known as measures Meters in which each beat is subdivided into three rather than two are known as compound meters Music that moves without a strong sense of a beat or a meter is called nonmetric Organizing patterns of rhythmic pulses are called meters The deliberate shifting of the accent to a weak beat or an offbeat is called syncopation The element of music that organizes movement in time is rhythm The first accented beat of a measure is called downbeat A collection of pitches arranged in ascending or descending order is called scale A combonation of three or more tones that constitutes a single block of harmony is called a chord A combination of tones that is discordant and unstable produces a consonance false An interval spanning eight notes is called an octave The distance and relationship between two tones is refer to as an interval A triad is the most common chord type found n western music, a three note chord, built on alternate scale steps, The first note of the scale is called the tonic A combination of tones that sounds discordant, unstable, or in need of resolution is called a dissonance The principle organization around a central tone is called tonality A triad is a chord made up of three tones true The smallest interval in the Western musical system is the half step A 12 tone scale, including all semitones of the octave is called chromatic The musical symbol # represents a sharp On the piano, the black key between the white keys C and D is called C-sharp or D-flat The triad built on the first note of the scale is called the tonic In harmon, the___is considered a place of rest and return tonic The three basic triads in the Western musical system are the tonic, the dominant, and the subdominant A sharp lowers a musical tone by a half step false A key is a group of related tones with a common center, the tonic, toward which the other tones gravitate True A major scale can begin on any of the twelve semitones of the octave true The element that describes the musical fabric, or the relationship of musical lines within a work, is called texture A texture featuring a single, unaccompanied line is called monophonic When a melody is combined with an ornamental version of itself, often heard in jazz, the resulting texture is heterophony When two or more independent melodic lines are combined, the resulting texture is called polyphony A texture in which a single voices takes over the melodic interest while the accompanying voices are subordinate is called homophony The texture in which all the voices move in the same rhythm is called homrhythm In imitation, a melodic idea in one voice is restated in another true What quality of a work of art refuses to its structure or shape The basic structural concepts in the element form are repetition and contrast A vocal work in which each poetic stanza is sung to the same melody in strophic form The technique through which performers create music on the spot is known as improvisation The form based on a statement and a departure without a return to the complete opening statement binary A sining style that features a leader who is imitated by a group is called call and response Ternary form is best outlined as A-B-C true The rate of speed at which a piece of music is played is its tempo Music that sounds despairing and sad usually has a ____ tempo slow In what language are tempo marking generally given italian Which of the following tempo markings does NOT indicate a slow tempo presto The degree of loudness or softness, or volume, at which music is played is called dynamics Which of the following dynamic markings markings is the softest pianissimo (pp) The term non lexical refers to a text that consists of nonsense syllables Scat-singing is a common in jazz The language of the Roman Empire and the Roman Catholic Church through most of history was Latin The setting of one note per syllable is called syllabic The extended melodic line on the word rejoice in Handels Messiah is a melisma The use of a few notes for each syllable is called neumatic The term song technically refers to all music, with out without words False Vocal music must use recognizable words False The vernacular is a common language of the people true The quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another is timbre The term timbre refers to the color of a tone A specific area within the range of a voice or instrument, such as high, middle, or low, is called its register The standard ranges of the human voice, from highest to lowest, are soprano, alto, tenor, bass The generally accepted term for the high male vocal range is tenor Instruments that produce sounds by using air s the vibrating means are called aerophones Instruments that produce sounds from a vibrating string are called chordophones How do performers cause idiophones to produce sounds by shaking, scraping, or striking the instrument itself Drum-type instruments fall into the category of membranophones Throughout history, the voice has been a model for instrumentalists and instrument builders True Flutes and whistles are classified as idiophones false The history of Western music begins Which of the following institutions supported Renaissance society the church, the city and state, the aristocratic courts Most of the surviving music from the early Middle Ages is secular false Which of the following does NOT characterize plainchant triadic harmonies A setting of Gregorinan chant with one note or syllable is called syllabic Which of the following women was a religious leader and prominent figure in literature and music Hildegard of Bingen On which liturgical occasion was Hildegards Alleluia, O virgo mediatrix sung a feast day for the Virgin Mary The knowledge of early civilizations and the culture of the Middle Ages were preserved largely in monasteries true The order of church services and the structure of each service are known as liturgy true The earliest type of polyphony was organum The first major center of polyphony was Notee Dame Cathedral in Paris Which of the following does NOT describe Gaude Maria virgo accompaniment with musical instruments Each musical line in Gaude Maria virgo has the same rhythmic activity false Organum was freely composed, with no preexisting basis false The tradition of troubadours and trouveres developed in france Which of the following was NOT a subject reflected in the poems of the troubadours and trouveres the rebirth of classical learning During the 14th century, a style of music developed that became known as the Ars nova The outstanding composer-poet of the Ars nova was Machaut The french courtly love song of the middle ages was called the chanson Troubadours and trouveres were medieval musicians often living on the fringes of society false The expressive device that Renaissance composers used to pictoralize words musically called word-painting Where was the madrigal first developed Italy Madrigals with simpler and more accessible text were especially favored in England Which of the following best described the character of Farmers Fair Phyllis pastoral and light Who invented the printing press Johannes Gutenberg Only professional musicians performed secular music during the Renaissance False The two most important genres of Renaissance secular music were the chanson and the madrigal true Which of the following characterizes humanism thinking centered on human issues and individuality, inspiration from the ancient cultures of Greece and Rome, independence from tradition and religion Which genres of vocal music was NOT used in Renaissance church services the chansons What is the cantus firmus a fragment of Gregorian chant or a secular tine used as the foundation of polyphonic mass Which early Renaissance composer exerted a powerful influence on generations of composer who followed Josquin des Prez Josquins Ave Mariavirgo serena is an example of motet The text Ave Mariavirgo serena is in praise of the Virgin Mary The Renaissance motet is a sacred genre with a single Latin text True The Roman Catholic Church service that symbolically reenacts the sacrifice of Christ is the Mass The portion of the Mass that remains in every celebration of the service is called the Ordinary What was the primary language of the Mass Latin Which of the following are the movements of the Ordinary of the Mass Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Angus Dei Which of the following was a leader in the Protestant Reformation Martin Luther After the Protestant Reformation of the early 16th century, the Roman Catholic Church responded with a movement to recapture the loyalty of its people. This was known as: the Counter-Reformation Which of the following does NOT characterize music after the 1600 instrumental music was neglected The approximate dates of the Baroque period are 1600-1750 The Baroque period witnessed a shift in a musical texture to The artificially created male soprano or alto voice that dominated Baroque opera was known as the castrato The term baroque originally meant security and balance fasle A staged drama that is sung is called an opera A highly emotional song in an opera is called an aria the text of an opera is called the libretto Purcells opera Dido and Aeneas was composed for a production at a girls school The aria When I am laid in earth is unified by a ground bass on a descending chromatic scale true Luther believed that music belonged to the congregation In the Lutheran Church, the weekly hymns sung by the congregation were called chorales The expansion of the chorale with new poetry resulted in the cantata During his musical career, Johann Sebastian Bach held the position of cantor of St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, court organist and chamber musician to the duke of Weimar, court musician to the price of the Anhalt-Cothen Bachs Cantana NO 140, Wachet auf, has____ movements seven Lutheran believed that professional musicians had no place in the church service false Handels Messiah is an oratorio The stories for oratorios are generally drawn from The Bible Why was lining-out, the practice of call and response singing from the 17th centurial New England developed? most people could not read music, most people could not afford to by a pslam book, the church wanted everyone to participate equally in services William Billings best known publication is The New England Pslam-SInger Interest in Greek and Roman antiquity during the 18th century greatly influenced painting, archiecture, literature Which american president was a leading figure during the classical period Thomas Jefferson The classical period in music ranged from approx 1750-1825 Which of the following composers was NOT a master of the Viennese school Chopin Which of the following best describes the lyrical melodies of the Classical period conjunct, diatonic, and singable The system in which the aristocracy sponsored musicians is called patronage A composer can fragment a theme by dividing it into smaller units called motives In musical compositions, a theme is a musical idea that is used as a building block Which of the following best describes absolute music music without a story or text Which movement is the most highly organized and most characteristic multi movement cycle, usually presented in sonata form first Which of the following is a common characteristic of the second movement of the multi movement cycle lyrical, songful melodies In the classical multi movement cycle, the third movement is usually in ____form minute and trio A rondo is most typically found in the _____ last movement of a classical multi movement cycle last A string quartet consists of 2 violins, viola, cello The form of the slow movement of Haydns String Quartet, OP. 76, NO 3 is: theme and variations Who was Haydns principal patron Prince Esterhazy Mozarts Eine kleine Nachtmusik serenade The three main sections of sonata-allegro form are the exposition, the development, and the recapitulation What is the function of the bridge or transition in sonata-allegro form The climax of sonata-allegro form appear when the tonic returns at the recapitulation A musical setting of the Mass for the dead is called a Requiem Mozarts Requiem was his last work, incomplete at his death The Dies irae text from the Requiem Mass describes Judgement day Which of the following correctly describes the musical forces for Mozarts Requiem winds, brass, strings, timpani, choir, and four soloists The_____ accompanies the baritone voice in the Tuba mirum section of Mozarts Requiem trombone The text of Mozarts Requiem is sung in Latin During the 19th century, the Mass was sung only in church false Mozart died before finishing the Requiem, and one of his students completed the work for him true How did comic opera differ from opera seria it was sung in the vernacular, it presented down to earth plots, it featured ensembles as well as solo singing Mozarts librettist for Don Giovanni was Lorenzo de Ponte Which of the following descriptions characterizes the story of Don Giovanni It mixes elements of opera seria and opera buffa Don Giovanni attempts to console Donna Elvira, who has been betrayed by Don Giovanni himself The catalogue Aria from Mozarts Don Giovanni lists Don Giovannis conquests Comic opera generally was sung in the language of the audience, or the vernacular true Which of the following was NOT a favored sonata instrumentation during the late 18th century piano and trumpet Beethoven suffered from perhaps the most traumatic of all maladies for a musician. What was it? deafness Beethovens Piano Sonata in C sharp minor, OP 27, NO 2, was subtitled Moonlight by The poet Rellstab, shortly after the composers death Beethovens career is often divided into ____ compositional periods three Which composer both maintained and disrupted the balance of the classical style Beethoven With which symphony did Beethoven begin to expand the possibilities of the genre NO 3 The Ode to Joy is the finale of Beethovens Symphony NO 9 Which of the following best describes the opening idea of Beethovens Symphony NO 5 A four note motive Beethoven abondoned Classical principles in composing his symphonies false Beethoven wrote his two symphonies in a style similar to that of Haydn and Mozart True In spite of numerous innovations, Beethovens Symphony NO 5 has the standard four movements of the Classical symphony true Which of the following is identified as the first great creative Romantic Beethoven Which of the following does NOT describe Romanticism The 19th century saw the rise of a new social order shaped by the technological advances of the Industrial Revolution The democratic character of the Romantic moment is illustrated by sympathy for the oppressed, interest in folk culture, faith in human kind and its destiny During the 29th century, concert life began to center of the public concert hall Which of the following does NOT describe orchestra of the 19th century the size of the orchestras decreased, making for more compact ensembles A song whose text is a short lyric poem in German with piano accompaniment is called a Lied Which of the following was NOT a typical theme of Romantic Poetry praise of the virgin mary A song form in which the same melody is repeated for every stanza of text is called strophic A song that is composed from beginning to end without repetition of whole sections is called through composed Schubert and his friends organized evening gatherings or artists, writers, an musicians, called: Schubertiads Which of the musical devices does Shubert use to portray the childs terror in Elfking high range and dissonance Schuberts sing Elfking is a setting of a ballad written by Goethe Which 19th century American composer is best remember for his parlor songs and minstrel show tunes Stephen Foster Which of the following best describes minstrelsy shows that featured performers in blackface The form of Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is strophic Fosters Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair is based on a poem by Foster himself For the most part, 19th century Americans rejected the music of European culture false Minstrelsy created negative stereotypes of black culture true Foster intended his songs to be performed by professional singers only false Instrumental music endowed with literary, philosophical, or pictorial associations is called program music Which of the following compositions is LEAST likely to be an example of program music String Quartet in B-flat Major Music composed without literary or pictorial meanings is called absolute music Berliozs Symphonie fantastique is an example of an program symphony Which of the following inspired Berliozs Symphonie fantastique the actress Harriet Smithson The Dies Irae is a chant from the Mass for the Dead In the Symphonie fantastique, Berloiz used a recurrent theme that he called the idee fixe, symbolizing the beloved true The finale to the Symphonie fantastique projects a satanic character true The librettist for Wagners music dramas was Wagner himself Wagner chose to base his early opera on medieval German epics Wagners cycle of four music dramas is called The Ring of the Nibelung Wagners total artwork, in which all the arts-music, poetry, drama, visual spectacle are fused together is called the Gesamtkunstwerk In Wagners Ring of the Nibelung, who are the Valkyries the nine daughters of Wotan The artistic trends of the early 20th century can be best characterized as a reaction against Romanticism The center of music publishing in New York was called Tin Pan Alley Which American musician introduced ragtime and early jazz styles to France during WW 1 Scott Joplin The element of melody in 20th century music is best characterized by wide leaps and dissonant intervals Avant-garde artists sought to distinguish themselves from traditional high culture and from mass market tastes true The Depression had little impact on the performing arts false Which of the following describes dissonance It played a large role in 20th century music Which of the following does NOT characterize the musical language of Expressionism extended passages of consonance Music that rejects the framework of key is described as atonal Schoenberg created a new style in which vocal melodies were spoken rather than sung with exact pitches and rhythms. This was known as Sprechstimme Klangfarbenmelodie refers to a style that gives each other note of a melody to a different instrument The melodies in Expressionistic music usually were conjunct false Which of the following music genres developed around the turn of the 20th century and incorporates elements of African music and Western popular and art music jazz Which American city is considered the birthplace of Jazz New Orleans Which instrument did Louis Armstrong play trumpet Louis Armstrongs instrument-like approach to singing is called scat singing Which american jazz composer was a also a pianist and a master of a bid-band orchestration Duke Ellington Bid band swing was the dominant form of American popular music in the 1930s and 1940s true

Lac Leman Festival De La Musique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lac Leman Festival De La Musique - Essay Example The records show the attendance witnessed, in particular, Saturday concerts. The record predicts the number of attendees and by extension the number of DVDs that could be sold during the concert. An electronic survey is also conducted with a description of the DVDs particulars including the price sent via e-mail to past attendees (Newman, 2010). Of the one hundred and fifty surveyed only thirty-seven respond. Of the thirty-seven, only seven respond in the affirmative. According to Bodily & Jenkins (2007), the mean for the attendance of the Saturday festival was 24, 139 with a deviation recorded at 10,818. As such, it is evident that the likelihood that the sales will generate sufficient proceed is low due to the elevated disparity level. This is representative of the proportion of persons likely to purchase the DVD, which is 7/37. The uncertainties are evident in the contractual obligation with the performers of the concert yet only a single month left posed a great risk. Indeed, whe ther or not the reasonable sale of DVDs from Friday’s concert would be made during Saturday’s concert is a concern. The number of attendees during the Friday concert could determine the sale of DVDs. Concert attendees who could purchase the DVDs are equally unknown to Carla Monte. Decisions to conduct a market research to gauge whether attendees would buy DVDs were made. There is a follow up of the market research conducted that estimates the mean probability of an individual attendee’s choice to buy as 0.1892%.

Researching gender and crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Researching gender and crime - Essay Example This paper, incidentally will be concerned with evaluating and giving a detailed analysis of the research in two stages: stage one will look into summarizing the entire research work while stage two will be on an evaluation of the research based on the methodology. Research in Criminology is often described as an investigation often conducted on any phenomenon that is linked to any or all existing aspects of the criminal justice system (Dantzker and Hunter, 2012).Therefore, any research that pertains to criminology should bear themes that pertain to criminal acts, the social justice, offenders, legal or illegal actions to mention but a few. In the article, the research was carried out on five male ex-offenders who attempted to give a description of their distinct experiences of life after prison; this in itself already qualifies the research with reference to its appropriateness in Criminology. There is also a need to understand that research in Criminology is often divided into two: applied research and basic research; in this particular research, applied research has been incorporated as it focuses on one particular issue, the ex-offenders’ status and how it impacts self and gives implications of the effects top foster change. To know if at all the research is valid; it is necessary to contextualize how it was conducted in light of how criminological research should be carried out. To begin with, the research problem is clearly defined in terms of what the study intends to look into which are the experiences that the ex-prisoners go through after leaving prison specifically in terms of employment, self-change and identity. Objectives in research are detrimental as they give the researcher a sense of direction; in the study the objective is captured under the purpose of study, which is to understand the experience of