Observing Mitosis

science laboratory Report ?3 TitleObserving Mitosis By Yerkebulan Yesbolatov Biology course, tutorial group I October 18, 2012 Lab partner Azhar Zhaisanova Introduction Experiment is qualify to show mitotic layer of carrel round of golf, phases of mitotic stage, to define predominance in the progeny of to each one phases over the others, if it is possible. Objectivity of lab is to observe the resistent phases of mitotic stage of booth cycle, to get skills for special technique( by apply orcein ethanoic skank) designed for make slide enable to observe mitotic stage of electric cell cycle.The tip of garlic bulbs root is suspected to be relevant for that, for find the cell cycle. Aim To observe cell cycle in distinct stage-in this experiment mitosis. To get knowledge of which phase is predominate in cell cycle. Precautions During the procedure it is need to wear eye protection reason hydrochloric social disease is irritant It is necessary to wear gloves and coat Toluid ine blue is had ability to ingrain. outweart ingest- it is harmful. It is necessary to wear goggles and stay outing of content with orsein ethanoic stain, cause it corrosive, irritant, create burns, has ability to irritate by vapour.Also read What Algae Does a Trypano slightly Superficially ResembleIn case of making contact immediately necessary to serve with water for 10 minutes. It is necessary to wear eye protection and fend off a skin contact, cause Acetic alcohol is corrosive and exceedingly flammable Methods and Materials First method of staining is cancelled. Second method with 1-st yard was provided in advance. First, several root tips was cut off, added to abide by glass with acetic alcohol(2cm3) for 10 minutes. Then, specimens transferred to second glass, which contain 5cm3 ice cold water,4-5 minutes atomic amount 18 needed to wait after that. Later on specimens, dried off with perk up paper.Next cadence, in order to havent damage a specimen ,it was poured wit h pre-heated hydrochloric acid rather than putting the pattern to test piping and vice versa till 5 minutes. Next step is to repeat step with acetic acid (2cm3) for 10 minutes in a watch glass. After 10 minutes, specimen (one of several) was put to glass slide thusly poured with 1-2 drops of stain called acetic orcein stain, it should cover whole surface of pattern. Note that to stain the wall would be better to leave specimen in a dye more than 2 minutes. Finally, specimen is covered with coverslip and pushed under the filter paper, put to microscope and observed. ResultQuestion 1 is in separate page Question 2 Number of cells take uped under visible argona x400. 43 cells 434=172 Table of numbers of cells at field of view Total number of cells Names of mitosis phases ? in each stage 172 Interphase 138 Prophase 28 Metophase 3 Anaphase 2 Telephase 1 Question 3. Percentage in each stage of mitosis Interphase =138172 coke%= 80. 232% Prophase =28172100%=16. 279% Metophase =317210 0%=1. 744% Anaphase =2172100%=1. 162% Telephase =1172100%=0. 581% Ranking of stages of cell cycle Interpaseprophasemetaphaseanaphasetelephase As it said, preparation freezed at one time.Most of cells, about 90% of cell and consequently 90% cycle cell spent in interphase, it is be by findings. Roughly 20 percent, approximately the skinny of interphase are interpreted by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telephase. Question 4 Mitotic business leader Mitotic business leader=28+3+2+1172=34172= 0. 197 Mitotic index enable to find a tendency to sire of cells. It is mean that how cell is divide, at which rate it is reproduces. Question 5 reliability and validity If centromeres of chromosomes are draw up at equator, we definitely could articulate it is metaphase, if we see sister chromatids at inverse poles we could avow definitely differentiate as it anaphase.A lot of cells are in that respect with round nucleuses that is why it is prophases. Telephase is differ by starting of divi ding of cells. In interphase cells are as they are swallowed, e. c become bigger. Question 6 Safety precautions dupe goggles to avoid contact with orsein ethanoic stain is corrosive, has ability to irritate by vapour Wear gloves acetic alcohol is corrosive and highly flammable. Question 7 sermon with hydrochloric acid It enable to stain the specimen of root tip. It can encourage to break the hydrogen bonds contain in it. Question 8 cerebrate Cells are in phase of telephase of mitosis or meiosis stage could start.Discussion on that organize was cells with purple chromosomes on a pink background. There was drawn the each phases of mitosis to make easier the differentiation of phases cause is sometimes difficult to differ. At the beginning, when final stage of slide preparation was done, there was problem, three times with its observing-the chain of mountains wasnt enough pure to see a cells in mitosis stage. shell could be wrong decay of specimen during the pressing. It shou ld be taken into manage that pressing of stained specimen should be strong to make pictorial matter more clear and transparent. To define the number of cells visible t point of view (image which enable objective to see during reviewing without changing the position) of microscope it was calculated the soak up of circle row by row cause cells are non same, so rows are not same. Defining of microscopes point of view is necessary for further calculating the percentage of each phase of mitosis. So, quarter of visible cells was equal to 43. These cells was multiplied to four. To tell every phase of mitosis138 of interphases,28 prophases,3 metaphases,2 anaphases, 1 telephase. As sh feature in calculations, abundance are correspond as follows Interphase=80. 32 Prophase=16. 279% Metophase=1. 744% Anaphase=1. 162% Telephase=0. 581% As we see interphase is equal to roughly 80%,however in deem there was claim that interphase spend 90% of cell cycle. From this point could be proposed tha t root grown in favorable condition as it is cognise that in interphase cell is phase of rash activity, cell copy own DNA and energy is create for further mitosis. As shown in mitotic index formula, numerator contain only cells with visible chromosomes, that is mean that interphase is not taken to consideration.Mitotic index enable to find a tendency to grow of cells. It is mean that how cell is divide, at which rate it is reproduces. In this experiment mitotic index is equal to 0. 197 receivable to fact that there was not mitotic index scale it is difficult to say anything about tendency. In oncology(study of tuour cells) mitotic index has its special calibration, special standards. Error abstract Probability of error may cause the fact that in some case there was nuclear membrane without changing, but nucleoli had already vanished.So, there was probability of error to take to consideration the stage as a interphase and as prophase. Conclusion It is proved that is visible the di viding (in cell cycle) cells with method using a orcein ethanoic stain. Most of time cells a spend for interphase. This is proved by experiment result-80% of cells was at interphase stage. Most of all it is possible or halcyon to define exactly the stages such as anaphase, metaphase cause it definite characters are allow to do so. The late prophase and beginning of telephase is difficult to differentiate cause processes happened in them are opposite to each other.